The Nest Of The Hellenic Mind
APHRODITE'S CYPRUS AND AMERICA'S
MORALITY OR AMORALITY OR IMMORALITY ;
THE CYPRUS ISSUE
________________________________________________________________________________________
Geographical and historical background.
Cyprus is situated at the north-eastern end of the East Mediterranean basin, 75 kms south
of Turkey, 105 kms west of Syria, 380 kms north of Egypt and some 800kms south-east of
mainland Greece. The nearest Greek islands, Rhodes and Carpathos are 380 kms to the
west. Its population at the end of 1992 was 718.700. The distribution of its population by
ethnic group is 80% Greek-Cypriots, 18,6% Turkish-Cypriots and 1,4% other minorities
including Maronites, Armenians and Latins. The Turkish-Cypriots are the descendants of
the soldiers of the Ottoman army that conquered the island in 1571 and the immigrants
form Anatolia brought in by the Sultan's govenrment shortly thereafter. The name of Cyprus
has always been associated with Greek mythology and history and it is already to be found
in Homer. The Greek element took root on the island with the arrival of the Achaeans
between the 14th and 10th centuries b.C. Ever since, Cyprus has been an integral part of
the wider Greek area and has gone through the same major historical phases as the rest of
the Greek world: city-states with rulers such as Evagoras,
who often established themselves
as outstanding figures of Pan-hellenic range; participation in the campaigns of Alexander
the
Great; Hellenistic period under his successors; Roman conquest; Byzantine Empire. Of
course, since that time, as was the case prior to it, the island, like the rest of Greece,
changed hands ceaselessly and came under a series of conquerors: the Arab raids, the
Franks and the Turks in 1571. Cyprus played an active part in the struggle for the liberation
of the Greek nation. Despite the struggles and the desires of the entire Greek nation,
Cyprus was not incorporated into the liberated and independent Greek state. No one,
however, can deny her Greek character since neither the strong disadvantage of her
geographical position nor the incessant raids and occupations, the introduction of foreign
languages, religions and civilizations she underwent for centuries on end, were able to alter
the religion, the civilization, the language and the Greek consciousness of her people. The
ottoman period lasted until 1878 when the Turks ceded Cyprus to Britain. In 1914 the United
Kingdom annexed the island, and in 1923 with the Treaty of Lausanne, Turkey uncondition-
ally renounced any claim on Cyprus. British rule lasted until 1960 when, after a four year libe-
ration struggle by the Greek Cypriots, Cyprus became independent and was proclaimed a Re-
public. Cyprus became an independent Republic on 16 August 1960. The 1960 Constitution,
imposed by the Zurich and London Agreements, divided the people of Cyprus into two communi-
ties on the basis of ethnic origin. The divisive and inflexible nature of the Constitution, which
granted a wide-range veto power to the Turkish Cypriot community, representing only 18%
of the total population, soon made the operation of the government difficult. The two communities
were after a while locked into a constitutional crisis which became even more serious in
November 1963, when Archbishop Makarios, first President of the Republic, suggested
certain amendments to facilitate the smooth functioning of the State. Turkey rejected them
before even the Turkish Cypriot community had a chance to examine these proposals. The
Turkish Cypriot leadership fell in with Turkey's partitionist aims. Following Turkish threats to
invade Cyprus, the Government of the Republic brought the matter before the United Nations.
The U.N. Security Council resolution 186/1964 (the first in a series of U.N. resolutions to tackle
the problem) provided for the stationing of a U.N. Peace Keeping Force (UNFICYP) on the
isl and initiated the U.N. mediating efforts to promote a peaceful solution and an agreed
settlement in accordance with the Charter of the U.N. The Cyprus Government did all that was
in its power to restore the situation to normality and in 1968 it began intercommunal talks with the Turkish
Cypriot
leaders for a negotiated agreement on a new constitutional system for Cyprus. Despite the
support of Turkish Cypriot leadership to Turkey's partitionist objectives in Cyprus, some
progress was achieved during these talks. However, they were interrupted abruptly by
Turkey's invasion on the island.
THE TURKISH INVASION.
In July 1974 the then ruling junta in Greece organized a coup d' etat against President
Makarios which presented Turkey with the pretext she had long sought for. Alleging a right
of "intervention" as guarantor of the 1960 Constitution, Turkey invaded Cyprus on 20 July
1974 "to restore security and order and to protect the Turkish Cypriots". These assertions,
however, cannot be sustained. The right of "intervention" that is provided for by the treaties
of Zurich-London does not necessarily involve the use of force.
The Turkish Attila:
Descendants of Ottomans,
who descended from
MONGOLIA.
NOTE: Turk is a Chinese
word without the "t".
In Chinese TUK means
NOMAD!
Even supposing that this were the case, the U.N. Charter explicitly excludes the use of force
and is well-known that its provisions predominate over all possible international agreements
to the contrary, as the Charter itself emphasizes. Apart from this, the Turkish-Cypriot leader
Rauf Denktash himself had at the time of the coup characterized the coup as an "internal
affair" of the Greek-Cypriots, stressing that it did not affect the T/C community. Moreover,
in cases of disruption of the constitutional order, the Treaty of Guarantee provided for
consultations between the guarantor powers (i.e. Turkey, Britain and Greece) and only if
concerted action proved impossible did it reserve to each of the guarantor powers the right
to act unilaterally with the exclusive aim to restore the constitutional order. Turkey, however,
never entered into consultations. She invaded the country whose territorial integrity she had
guaranteed. In addition, when after a short time the constitutional order was restored, the
Turkish forces not only did they refrain from withdrawing, but they proceeded to the second
stage of their invasion, while negotiations were taking place in Geneva. Thus, Turkey finally
carried out her expansionist plans, occupying 37% of Cyprus, 52% of the island's coastline,
70% of its natural resources and 65% of its tourist infrastructure.
A U.S. CITIZEN'S VIEW AND ADMONITION
"In 1974 Turkey invaded Cyprus in the pretext that Turkish Cypriots were threatened when
a military coup overthrew the legal president of Cyprus. Strangely enough, when Turkey
invaded, the puppet regime installed by the coup collapsed and the Cyprus government
was restored, yet Turkey which signed a treaty with Greece and England to guarantee the
sovereignty and independence of the Republic of Cyprus went on a campaign of terror and
ethnic cleansing occupying 38% of Cyprus, murdering nearly 8000 people, and forcing
more than half of the population (Greek and Turkish Cypriots) to flee from their homes.
More than half of the Turkish Cypriots whom Turkey allegedly came to protect have since
left Cyprus and now leave as refugees overseas. In the homes of the Greeks who were
expelled from the now occupied Cyprus territories Turkey brought over 100,000 settlers
from Turkey and over 35,000 Turkish mainland troops continue to occupy the northern 38%
of this tiny republic.
Numerous UN resolutions signed by the overwhelming majority of the UN members including
all western nations and the United States call for an immediate and unconditional withdrawal
of the Turkish troops and settlers and return of all refugees to their homes. In the last 10
years we have seen the west condemn and take action against human rights violations
(China), ethnic cleansing (former Yugoslavia) and illegal invasions (Iraq vs. Kuwait).
Hidden oil or Can you spot the one Can a US citizen tell us
$$ in the hand shake? most ignorant? why Yugoslavia was bombed?
Do you see ETHOS?
We ask the world community, especially the west and America to take the same actions
against Turkey as it did against Iraq, when it invaded Kuwait, and against Yugoslavia
when it conducted ethnic cleansing against minorities.
The Colossal US, the International policeman with the highest level of its civilization and the
amalgamation of nearly all nations on the face of our globe has intervened towards the
resolution of many a conflict. But, all of the conflicts involved by the US have been at the
command of neither the US President nor its Congress nor its military, but by the very
command of the American International Corporations. It has been either for oil-black gold,
or dollars. Unfortunately, Cyprus has neither of these two, i.e., oil and money. But, Cyprus
and Hellenism have something more important; SOUL and DIGNITY!
Has the United States
of America of which the writer is a citizen DIGNITY? The US Ambassador to Greece, Mr.
Nicholas Burns was admonished of this very issue-DIGNITY of Hellas and that of the US.
His response? Frozen, total, absolute silence! Nicholas Burns later in his career became
Undersecretary of State for the US.
Note: material borrowed from MFA Hellas.
LONG LIVE THE HUMAN SPIRIT and DOWN WITH INJUSTICES!!!
GODDESS APHRODITE'S ISLAND!
You have been listening to music by: Yianni
RETURN TO MAIN PAGE PLEASE!
APHRODITE'S CYPRUS AND AMERICA'S
MORALITY OR AMORALITY OR IMMORALITY ;
THE CYPRUS ISSUE
________________________________________________________________________________________
Geographical and historical background.
Cyprus is situated at the north-eastern end of the East Mediterranean basin, 75 kms south
of Turkey, 105 kms west of Syria, 380 kms north of Egypt and some 800kms south-east of
mainland Greece. The nearest Greek islands, Rhodes and Carpathos are 380 kms to the
west. Its population at the end of 1992 was 718.700. The distribution of its population by
ethnic group is 80% Greek-Cypriots, 18,6% Turkish-Cypriots and 1,4% other minorities
including Maronites, Armenians and Latins. The Turkish-Cypriots are the descendants of
the soldiers of the Ottoman army that conquered the island in 1571 and the immigrants
form Anatolia brought in by the Sultan's govenrment shortly thereafter. The name of Cyprus
has always been associated with Greek mythology and history and it is already to be found
in Homer. The Greek element took root on the island with the arrival of the Achaeans
between the 14th and 10th centuries b.C. Ever since, Cyprus has been an integral part of
the wider Greek area and has gone through the same major historical phases as the rest of
the Greek world: city-states with rulers such as Evagoras,
who often established themselves
as outstanding figures of Pan-hellenic range; participation in the campaigns of Alexander
the
Great; Hellenistic period under his successors; Roman conquest; Byzantine Empire. Of
course, since that time, as was the case prior to it, the island, like the rest of Greece,
changed hands ceaselessly and came under a series of conquerors: the Arab raids, the
Franks and the Turks in 1571. Cyprus played an active part in the struggle for the liberation
of the Greek nation. Despite the struggles and the desires of the entire Greek nation,
Cyprus was not incorporated into the liberated and independent Greek state. No one,
however, can deny her Greek character since neither the strong disadvantage of her
geographical position nor the incessant raids and occupations, the introduction of foreign
languages, religions and civilizations she underwent for centuries on end, were able to alter
the religion, the civilization, the language and the Greek consciousness of her people. The
ottoman period lasted until 1878 when the Turks ceded Cyprus to Britain. In 1914 the United
Kingdom annexed the island, and in 1923 with the Treaty of Lausanne, Turkey uncondition-
ally renounced any claim on Cyprus. British rule lasted until 1960 when, after a four year libe-
ration struggle by the Greek Cypriots, Cyprus became independent and was proclaimed a Re-
public. Cyprus became an independent Republic on 16 August 1960. The 1960 Constitution,
imposed by the Zurich and London Agreements, divided the people of Cyprus into two communi-
ties on the basis of ethnic origin. The divisive and inflexible nature of the Constitution, which
granted a wide-range veto power to the Turkish Cypriot community, representing only 18%
of the total population, soon made the operation of the government difficult. The two communities
were after a while locked into a constitutional crisis which became even more serious in
November 1963, when Archbishop Makarios, first President of the Republic, suggested
certain amendments to facilitate the smooth functioning of the State. Turkey rejected them
before even the Turkish Cypriot community had a chance to examine these proposals. The
Turkish Cypriot leadership fell in with Turkey's partitionist aims. Following Turkish threats to
invade Cyprus, the Government of the Republic brought the matter before the United Nations.
The U.N. Security Council resolution 186/1964 (the first in a series of U.N. resolutions to tackle
the problem) provided for the stationing of a U.N. Peace Keeping Force (UNFICYP) on the
isl and initiated the U.N. mediating efforts to promote a peaceful solution and an agreed
settlement in accordance with the Charter of the U.N. The Cyprus Government did all that was
in its power to restore the situation to normality and in 1968 it began intercommunal talks with the Turkish
Cypriot
leaders for a negotiated agreement on a new constitutional system for Cyprus. Despite the
support of Turkish Cypriot leadership to Turkey's partitionist objectives in Cyprus, some
progress was achieved during these talks. However, they were interrupted abruptly by
Turkey's invasion on the island.
THE TURKISH INVASION.
In July 1974 the then ruling junta in Greece organized a coup d' etat against President
Makarios which presented Turkey with the pretext she had long sought for. Alleging a right
of "intervention" as guarantor of the 1960 Constitution, Turkey invaded Cyprus on 20 July
1974 "to restore security and order and to protect the Turkish Cypriots". These assertions,
however, cannot be sustained. The right of "intervention" that is provided for by the treaties
of Zurich-London does not necessarily involve the use of force.
The Turkish Attila:
Descendants of Ottomans,
who descended from
MONGOLIA.
NOTE: Turk is a Chinese
word without the "t".
In Chinese TUK means
NOMAD!
Even supposing that this were the case, the U.N. Charter explicitly excludes the use of force
and is well-known that its provisions predominate over all possible international agreements
to the contrary, as the Charter itself emphasizes. Apart from this, the Turkish-Cypriot leader
Rauf Denktash himself had at the time of the coup characterized the coup as an "internal
affair" of the Greek-Cypriots, stressing that it did not affect the T/C community. Moreover,
in cases of disruption of the constitutional order, the Treaty of Guarantee provided for
consultations between the guarantor powers (i.e. Turkey, Britain and Greece) and only if
concerted action proved impossible did it reserve to each of the guarantor powers the right
to act unilaterally with the exclusive aim to restore the constitutional order. Turkey, however,
never entered into consultations. She invaded the country whose territorial integrity she had
guaranteed. In addition, when after a short time the constitutional order was restored, the
Turkish forces not only did they refrain from withdrawing, but they proceeded to the second
stage of their invasion, while negotiations were taking place in Geneva. Thus, Turkey finally
carried out her expansionist plans, occupying 37% of Cyprus, 52% of the island's coastline,
70% of its natural resources and 65% of its tourist infrastructure.
A U.S. CITIZEN'S VIEW AND ADMONITION
"In 1974 Turkey invaded Cyprus in the pretext that Turkish Cypriots were threatened when
a military coup overthrew the legal president of Cyprus. Strangely enough, when Turkey
invaded, the puppet regime installed by the coup collapsed and the Cyprus government
was restored, yet Turkey which signed a treaty with Greece and England to guarantee the
sovereignty and independence of the Republic of Cyprus went on a campaign of terror and
ethnic cleansing occupying 38% of Cyprus, murdering nearly 8000 people, and forcing
more than half of the population (Greek and Turkish Cypriots) to flee from their homes.
More than half of the Turkish Cypriots whom Turkey allegedly came to protect have since
left Cyprus and now leave as refugees overseas. In the homes of the Greeks who were
expelled from the now occupied Cyprus territories Turkey brought over 100,000 settlers
from Turkey and over 35,000 Turkish mainland troops continue to occupy the northern 38%
of this tiny republic.
Numerous UN resolutions signed by the overwhelming majority of the UN members including
all western nations and the United States call for an immediate and unconditional withdrawal
of the Turkish troops and settlers and return of all refugees to their homes. In the last 10
years we have seen the west condemn and take action against human rights violations
(China), ethnic cleansing (former Yugoslavia) and illegal invasions (Iraq vs. Kuwait).
Hidden oil or Can you spot the one Can a US citizen tell us
$$ in the hand shake? most ignorant? why Yugoslavia was bombed?
Do you see ETHOS?
We ask the world community, especially the west and America to take the same actions
against Turkey as it did against Iraq, when it invaded Kuwait, and against Yugoslavia
when it conducted ethnic cleansing against minorities.
The Colossal US, the International policeman with the highest level of its civilization and the
amalgamation of nearly all nations on the face of our globe has intervened towards the
resolution of many a conflict. But, all of the conflicts involved by the US have been at the
command of neither the US President nor its Congress nor its military, but by the very
command of the American International Corporations. It has been either for oil-black gold,
or dollars. Unfortunately, Cyprus has neither of these two, i.e., oil and money. But, Cyprus
and Hellenism have something more important; SOUL and DIGNITY!
Has the United States
of America of which the writer is a citizen DIGNITY? The US Ambassador to Greece, Mr.
Nicholas Burns was admonished of this very issue-DIGNITY of Hellas and that of the US.
His response? Frozen, total, absolute silence! Nicholas Burns later in his career became
Undersecretary of State for the US.
Note: material borrowed from MFA Hellas.
LONG LIVE THE HUMAN SPIRIT and DOWN WITH INJUSTICES!!!
GODDESS APHRODITE'S ISLAND!
You have been listening to music by: Yianni
RETURN TO MAIN PAGE PLEASE!
